What is Networking ?

What is Networking ?

Ans: In simple word, Networking means connecting two or more devices together..

      

For Network We need Cables .. 

Check the Figure below for details:

RJ45 à Used for LAN (Local Area Network)

RJ11 à Used for Telephones.

Disadvantages of the Coaxial cables :

    1)    Noise

    2)    Attenuation

    3)    Distortion

    4)    EMI (Electron Magnetic Induction)

   IEEE 802.11(b) WIFI Technical Standard.

  

   MAN – Metropolitan Area Network

   WAN – Wide Area Network

   Internet : WAN is combination of different Domain is called Internet.

   Intranet : Same Domain But WAN connection.

   Domain : Domain is a centralised management for intranet working on network.

  Before We start learning about the Network devices. We should know about the Simplex and Duplex.

  Simplex : Can send only (Like Pager) , One way  communication.

  Self  Duplex : Like Walkie Talkie.

  Full Duplex : Like Telephone.



  Uni cast - One to one communication.
  Multicast – One to Group.
  Broadcast – One to All (Hub).

  Networking Devices:

  1)    Repeater – A gainer for voltage & frequency.

  2)    Hub – Half Duplex Device for (10 Mbps) inter connect all the system or                  client.

  3)    Switch – Switch is a full duplex device, its main function is 1^st time broadcast then uni cast. It makes a mac table for the attached system (100 Mbps).

  4)    Bridge  - Connects different sections of LAN.

  5)    Router – Connects different network. But today we use Brouters (Bridge + Router).

  6)    Gateway – Connect between different protocol.

What is Looping ?

Looping is a fault of network where the data travel through the network but cant reach its destination.

Layer 2 – MAC Address (MAC – Media Access Control)

Layer 3 – IP Address (IP – Internet Protocol)

Protocol is a set of rule : A protocol which gives a acknowledgement that known as connection oriented protocol & which are not given the acknowledgement is known as connectionless protocol.

MAC : Media access control  -48 bit Physical unique address for all system machine. To Check MAC address :

Run à CMD à ipconfig/all

Physical Address is MAC Address.

Server – Who gives the services like DNS, DHCP, VPN.

Client – Who take the services from the server it may be a machine or node E.G : Printer, Fax.

Workstation – Who take the services from server but it should be a system machine.

IP address : IP address is the logical address of the machine it can be changed & its 32 bit Address.

Public IP address à Payable

Private IP address à Non Payable

Class A : 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.255

Class B : 172.16.0.0  to 172.31.255.255

Class C:  192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

APIPA : 169.254.0.1 to 169.255.255.255

Topology:

   1)    Ring Topology

   2)    Bus Topology

   3)    Star Topology

   4)    Mesh Topology

   5)    Hybrid Topology

   6)    Wireless Topology

Topology